{
  "name": "Capoeira Songs — ontology",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "generated": "2026-10-28T14:58:51.881Z",
  "songTypes": {
    "chula": {
      "name": "Chula",
      "description": "A name with different meanings between lineages — in many Angola rodas it is the louvação itself; elsewhere a short solo verse sung to open the roda or change its energy. Use it for songs your group calls chulas.",
      "plural": "Chulas",
      "order": 3,
      "color": "#a8501a",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/chula/"
    },
    "corrido": {
      "name": "Corrido",
      "description": "The heart of the roda — a short call-and-response song. The lead sings the solo, everyone answers with the coro, while the game is played.",
      "plural": "Corridos",
      "order": 5,
      "color": "#1c7a4a",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/corrido/"
    },
    "ladainha": {
      "name": "Ladainha",
      "description": "A long solo sung at the start of the roda (mainly in Angola), opening with \"Iê!\". Players crouch at the foot of the berimbau and listen — no one plays during the ladainha.",
      "plural": "Ladainhas",
      "order": 1,
      "color": "#c23a54",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/ladainha/"
    },
    "louvacao": {
      "name": "Louvação",
      "description": "Call-and-response praise that follows the ladainha — \"Iê viva meu Deus… camará\". Gives thanks to God, the mestres and the capoeira itself. In the Angola tradition this is often called the chula or canto de entrada.",
      "plural": "Louvações",
      "order": 2,
      "color": "#8c5f0e",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/louvacao/"
    },
    "maculele": {
      "name": "Maculelê",
      "description": "Songs for the maculelê stick dance from Santo Amaro, Bahia.",
      "plural": "Maculelê",
      "order": 7,
      "color": "#1f6f78",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/maculele/"
    },
    "puxada-de-rede": {
      "name": "Puxada de Rede",
      "description": "Songs of the fishermen pulling in the net — performed as a dramatised dance.",
      "plural": "Puxada de Rede",
      "order": 8,
      "color": "#355c7d",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/puxada-de-rede/"
    },
    "quadra": {
      "name": "Quadra",
      "description": "A short solo verse, often four lines, typical of Capoeira Regional, sung to open a roda before the corridos begin.",
      "plural": "Quadras",
      "order": 4,
      "color": "#7a3e8f",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/quadra/"
    },
    "samba-de-roda": {
      "name": "Samba de Roda",
      "description": "Songs from the Bahian samba de roda, often sung after the capoeira roda closes.",
      "plural": "Sambas de Roda",
      "order": 6,
      "color": "#2a5d86",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/types/samba-de-roda/"
    }
  },
  "toques": {
    "amazonas": {
      "name": "Amazonas",
      "description": "A Regional toque played to welcome visiting mestres.",
      "order": 10,
      "tempo": "medium",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/amazonas/"
    },
    "angola": {
      "name": "Angola",
      "description": "The slow, deep toque of the jogo de Angola — a game played low, close and full of mandinga.",
      "order": 1,
      "tempo": "slow",
      "associatedWith": [
        "angola"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/angola/"
    },
    "benguela": {
      "name": "Benguela",
      "description": "A slower, more fluid toque for a close, swinging game with few kicks — \"jogo de dentro\".",
      "order": 5,
      "tempo": "medium",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional",
        "contemporanea"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/benguela/"
    },
    "cavalaria": {
      "name": "Cavalaria",
      "description": "Imitates galloping horses — historically a warning that the cavalry (the police) was coming.",
      "order": 7,
      "tempo": "fast",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional",
        "angola"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/cavalaria/"
    },
    "idalina": {
      "name": "Idalina",
      "description": "One of Mestre Bimba's Regional toques, used for jogos with blades.",
      "order": 9,
      "tempo": "medium",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/idalina/"
    },
    "iuna": {
      "name": "Iúna",
      "description": "Named after a bird. A slow, stately toque played without singing in Regional, traditionally for the games of graduated students; in some groups also played in memory of capoeiristas who have died.",
      "order": 6,
      "tempo": "slow",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/iuna/"
    },
    "santa-maria": {
      "name": "Santa Maria",
      "description": "A swinging toque used in many groups for the \"apanha-laranja\" game, where players pick up money or a handkerchief from the floor with their mouth.",
      "order": 8,
      "tempo": "medium",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional",
        "contemporanea"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/santa-maria/"
    },
    "sao-bento-grande-de-angola": {
      "name": "São Bento Grande de Angola",
      "description": "A faster, more upright game while keeping the Angola feel.",
      "order": 3,
      "tempo": "fast",
      "associatedWith": [
        "angola",
        "contemporanea"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/sao-bento-grande-de-angola/"
    },
    "sao-bento-grande-regional": {
      "name": "São Bento Grande (Regional)",
      "description": "The fast toque of Mestre Bimba's Capoeira Regional — quick, objective, acrobatic games.",
      "order": 4,
      "tempo": "fast",
      "associatedWith": [
        "regional",
        "contemporanea"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/sao-bento-grande-regional/"
    },
    "sao-bento-pequeno": {
      "name": "São Bento Pequeno",
      "description": "The \"inverted\" Angola rhythm, a little quicker; in many rodas the medio berimbau plays it under the gunga.",
      "order": 2,
      "tempo": "medium",
      "associatedWith": [
        "angola"
      ],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/toques/sao-bento-pequeno/"
    }
  },
  "themes": {
    "bahia": {
      "name": "Bahia",
      "description": "The birthplace of capoeira — its towns, ports and people.",
      "emoji": "🌴",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/bahia/"
    },
    "bateria": {
      "name": "The Bateria",
      "description": "Songs about the instruments of the roda — berimbau, pandeiro, atabaque, agogô and reco-reco.",
      "emoji": "🪘",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/bateria/"
    },
    "everyday": {
      "name": "Everyday Life",
      "description": "Houses, work, food, festivals and the small things of daily life.",
      "emoji": "🏠",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/everyday/"
    },
    "faith": {
      "name": "Faith & the Sacred",
      "description": "Saints, orixás, Aruanda and the sacred side of the roda.",
      "emoji": "✨",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/faith/"
    },
    "love": {
      "name": "Love & Women",
      "description": "Sweethearts, wives, mothers and longing.",
      "emoji": "❤️",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/love/"
    },
    "malandragem": {
      "name": "Malandragem",
      "description": "Cunning, trickery, street smarts and the art of deceiving your opponent.",
      "emoji": "🎩",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/malandragem/"
    },
    "nature": {
      "name": "Nature & Animals",
      "description": "Birds, snakes, rivers and the natural world as metaphor for the game.",
      "emoji": "🐦",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/nature/"
    },
    "outlaws": {
      "name": "Legends & Outlaws",
      "description": "Famous valentões, cangaceiros and legendary capoeiristas.",
      "emoji": "🤠",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/outlaws/"
    },
    "praise": {
      "name": "Praise & Gratitude",
      "description": "Songs that praise God, the mestres, the ancestors and capoeira itself.",
      "emoji": "🙏",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/praise/"
    },
    "resistance": {
      "name": "Slavery & Resistance",
      "description": "Memories of slavery, quilombos and the struggle for freedom.",
      "emoji": "⛓️",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/resistance/"
    },
    "saudade": {
      "name": "Saudade & Longing",
      "description": "Homesickness and longing for a person or place far away.",
      "emoji": "🌙",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/saudade/"
    },
    "the-game": {
      "name": "The Game",
      "description": "Songs about the jogo itself — calling people in, commenting on the play, encouraging a beautiful game.",
      "emoji": "🤸",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/the-game/"
    },
    "the-sea": {
      "name": "The Sea & Sailors",
      "description": "Sailors, fishermen, boats, the ocean and Iemanjá.",
      "emoji": "🌊",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/the-sea/"
    },
    "war": {
      "name": "War & Soldiers",
      "description": "Battles, soldiers and wars Brazilians were sent to fight.",
      "emoji": "⚔️",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/themes/war/"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "besouro-manganga": {
      "name": "Besouro Mangangá",
      "description": "Legendary capoeirista from Santo Amaro, said to have a \"corpo fechado\" — a body that bullets and blades could not harm.",
      "kind": "legendary",
      "aka": [
        "Besouro Cordão de Ouro",
        "Manoel Henrique Pereira"
      ],
      "lived": "c. 1895–1924",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/besouro-manganga/"
    },
    "iemanja": {
      "name": "Iemanjá",
      "description": "The orixá of the sea, mother of the waters, honoured in Salvador every 2 February.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/iemanja/"
    },
    "lampiao": {
      "name": "Lampião",
      "description": "The most famous cangaceiro (bandit) of the Brazilian northeastern backlands.",
      "kind": "historical",
      "aka": [
        "Virgulino Ferreira da Silva"
      ],
      "lived": "c. 1897–1938",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/lampiao/"
    },
    "mestre-bimba": {
      "name": "Mestre Bimba",
      "description": "Creator of Capoeira Regional and founder of the first capoeira academy recognised in Brazil (Salvador, 1930s).",
      "kind": "mestre",
      "aka": [
        "Manuel dos Reis Machado"
      ],
      "lived": "1899–1974",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/mestre-bimba/"
    },
    "mestre-pastinha": {
      "name": "Mestre Pastinha",
      "description": "The great guardian of Capoeira Angola, founder of the Centro Esportivo de Capoeira Angola in Salvador.",
      "kind": "mestre",
      "aka": [
        "Vicente Ferreira Pastinha"
      ],
      "lived": "1889–1981",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/mestre-pastinha/"
    },
    "oxala": {
      "name": "Oxalá",
      "description": "The orixá of creation and peace in Candomblé, associated with white and with Jesus/Senhor do Bonfim in Bahia.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/oxala/"
    },
    "oxum": {
      "name": "Oxum",
      "description": "The orixá of fresh water, rivers, gold and love, associated with yellow.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/oxum/"
    },
    "santo-antonio": {
      "name": "Santo Antônio",
      "description": "Saint Anthony, a much-loved popular saint in Brazil, celebrated in the June festivals.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/santo-antonio/"
    },
    "sao-bento": {
      "name": "São Bento",
      "description": "Saint Benedict — protector against snakes and evil, and the saint the São Bento toques are named after.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/sao-bento/"
    },
    "sao-joao": {
      "name": "São João",
      "description": "Saint John the Baptist, celebrated with bonfires in the June festivals (festas juninas).",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/sao-joao/"
    },
    "xango": {
      "name": "Xangô",
      "description": "The orixá of thunder, fire and justice.",
      "kind": "religious",
      "aka": [],
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/xango/"
    },
    "zumbi-dos-palmares": {
      "name": "Zumbi dos Palmares",
      "description": "Leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares and a symbol of Black resistance in Brazil.",
      "kind": "historical",
      "aka": [],
      "lived": "1655–1695",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/people/zumbi-dos-palmares/"
    }
  },
  "places": {
    "abaete": {
      "name": "Abaeté",
      "description": "The Lagoa do Abaeté, a dark-water lagoon among white dunes in Salvador, sung about in Bahian songs.",
      "region": "Salvador, Bahia",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/abaete/"
    },
    "angola": {
      "name": "Angola",
      "description": "Homeland of many enslaved Africans brought to Bahia, and the root that Capoeira Angola names itself after.",
      "region": "West-central Africa",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/angola/"
    },
    "aruanda": {
      "name": "Aruanda",
      "description": "The mythical homeland of the ancestors in Afro-Brazilian religion — often a memory of Luanda, Angola.",
      "region": "Afro-Brazilian cosmology",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/aruanda/"
    },
    "bahia": {
      "name": "Bahia",
      "description": "The state where capoeira as we know it took shape.",
      "region": "Northeast Brazil",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/bahia/"
    },
    "cachoeira": {
      "name": "Cachoeira",
      "description": "A historic town on the Paraguaçu river in the Recôncavo, a centre of Afro-Brazilian culture.",
      "region": "Recôncavo, Bahia",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/cachoeira/"
    },
    "guine": {
      "name": "Guiné",
      "description": "Guinea — in song, the West African homeland of many enslaved people.",
      "region": "West Africa",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/guine/"
    },
    "ilha-de-mare": {
      "name": "Ilha de Maré",
      "description": "An island of fishing communities in the Bay of All Saints, near Salvador.",
      "region": "Bay of All Saints, Bahia",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/ilha-de-mare/"
    },
    "maceio": {
      "name": "Maceió",
      "description": "The capital of the state of Alagoas, in Brazil's northeast.",
      "region": "Alagoas",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/maceio/"
    },
    "maranhao": {
      "name": "Maranhão",
      "description": "A northeastern state, home of tambor de crioula and bumba-meu-boi.",
      "region": "Northeast Brazil",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/maranhao/"
    },
    "parana": {
      "name": "Paraná",
      "description": "The Paraná river, often linked in song to the Paraguayan War (1864–1870), whose battles were fought along its waters.",
      "region": "River through Brazil, Paraguay & Argentina",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/parana/"
    },
    "salvador": {
      "name": "São Salvador da Bahia",
      "description": "The old capital of Brazil and the city of Bimba and Pastinha.",
      "region": "Bahia",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/salvador/"
    },
    "santo-amaro": {
      "name": "Santo Amaro da Purificação",
      "description": "Town of the Recôncavo, home of Besouro and of maculelê.",
      "region": "Recôncavo, Bahia",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/places/santo-amaro/"
    }
  },
  "glossary": {
    "agogo": {
      "term": "Agogô",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "A double bell struck with a stick.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#agogo"
    },
    "aide": {
      "term": "Aidê",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "A woman's name in song; in one popular story, an enslaved woman who refused her master and escaped to the quilombo.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#aide"
    },
    "angoleiro": {
      "term": "Angoleiro",
      "forms": [
        "angoleira",
        "angoleiros"
      ],
      "definition": "A player of Capoeira Angola.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#angoleiro"
    },
    "atabaque": {
      "term": "Atabaque",
      "forms": [
        "atabaques"
      ],
      "definition": "The tall hand drum of the bateria.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#atabaque"
    },
    "axe": {
      "term": "Axé",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Life force, positive energy — the good vibration of the roda. Also used as a greeting or blessing.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#axe"
    },
    "berimbau": {
      "term": "Berimbau",
      "forms": [
        "berimbaus"
      ],
      "definition": "The musical bow with a gourd resonator that leads the roda and sets the game.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#berimbau"
    },
    "camara": {
      "term": "Camará",
      "forms": [
        "camarada"
      ],
      "definition": "Comrade, friend. The response sung in the louvação, from \"camarada\".",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#camara"
    },
    "gunga": {
      "term": "Gunga",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "The deepest berimbau, played by whoever leads the roda.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#gunga"
    },
    "iaia": {
      "term": "Iaiá",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Old Bahian form of address for a young mistress or lady (from \"sinhá\"); the partner of ioiô in many refrains.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#iaia"
    },
    "ie": {
      "term": "Iê",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "The call that opens a ladainha or stops the game — the berimbau's voice made human.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#ie"
    },
    "ioio": {
      "term": "Ioiô",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Old Bahian form of address for a young master or gentleman (from \"senhor\"); in songs often just part of the refrain, paired with iaiá.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#ioio"
    },
    "jogo": {
      "term": "Jogo",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "The game — capoeira is not \"fought\", it is played.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#jogo"
    },
    "lampiao": {
      "term": "Lampião",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Nickname (literally \"lantern\") of the famous cangaceiro Virgulino Ferreira da Silva.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#lampiao"
    },
    "malicia": {
      "term": "Malícia",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Craftiness — reading your opponent and deceiving them with a smile.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#malicia"
    },
    "mandinga": {
      "term": "Mandinga",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Magic, cunning and charm in the game; the hidden, mystical side of capoeira.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#mandinga"
    },
    "marinheiro": {
      "term": "Marinheiro",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "Sailor.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#marinheiro"
    },
    "mestre": {
      "term": "Mestre",
      "forms": [
        "mestres"
      ],
      "definition": "Master; the highest title of a capoeira teacher.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#mestre"
    },
    "pandeiro": {
      "term": "Pandeiro",
      "forms": [
        "pandeiros"
      ],
      "definition": "The Brazilian frame drum with jingles.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#pandeiro"
    },
    "paranaue": {
      "term": "Paranauê",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "A sung exclamation built on \"Paraná\" — the great river on Brazil's border with Paraguay and Argentina.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#paranaue"
    },
    "patua": {
      "term": "Patuá",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "A small protective amulet, often a cloth pouch worn around the neck.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#patua"
    },
    "reco-reco": {
      "term": "Reco-reco",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "A scraper — a notched piece of bamboo or wood rubbed with a stick.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#reco-reco"
    },
    "roda": {
      "term": "Roda",
      "forms": [
        "rodas"
      ],
      "definition": "The circle of people, music and singing in which capoeira is played.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#roda"
    },
    "terreiro": {
      "term": "Terreiro",
      "forms": [
        "terreiros"
      ],
      "definition": "A yard or open ground — and the sacred space of a Candomblé house.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#terreiro"
    },
    "vadiar": {
      "term": "Vadiar",
      "forms": [
        "vadiação",
        "vadiando"
      ],
      "definition": "To loaf, to play around — the old word for playing capoeira, from the days when capoeiristas were called \"vadios\" (idlers).",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#vadiar"
    },
    "viola": {
      "term": "Viola",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "The highest-pitched of the three berimbaus (gunga, médio, viola), which improvises over the others. Also a name for a guitar.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#viola"
    },
    "volta-do-mundo": {
      "term": "Volta do mundo",
      "forms": [],
      "definition": "“The world goes round” — walking around the roda during a pause in the game; also a reminder that life turns.",
      "url": "https://capoeira-songs.pages.dev/glossary/#volta-do-mundo"
    }
  }
}